The Use of Connectors in the Writing of Libyan EFL Students: A study in the English Department, Sirte University
Keywords:
connectors/, underuse/, composition, Libyan EFL StudentsAbstract
This study explores the sorts of problems Libyan Learners of English as a Foreign Language (LLsEFL henceforth) have in using connectors. Composition essays written by participants of this study were used to measure the proper and the improper use of connectors. The essays were then analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings revealed that the problems LLsEFL experience in using connectors can be classified into three categories: misuse, underuse and overuse. Results indicated also that misuse was the most common problem followed by underuse and overuse respectively. In addition, they showed that adversatives were the most commonly misused category whereas additives were the most overused and temporals were the most underused. The qualitative analyses suggested that the cause for the majority of misuse of connectors was generally attributed to semantic, stylistic and discoursal problems. The underuse and overuse were mainly attributed to first language interference.
References
Al-Batal, M., 1990. Connectives as cohesive elements in a modern expository Arabic texts. In J., McCarthy and E., Mushira, ed. Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics II. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Company.
Altunay, D., 2009. Use of connectives in written discourse: a study at an ELT department in Turkey. Thesis (PhD). University of Anadolu, Turkey.
Altenberg, B., & Tapper, M., 1998. The use of adverbials connectors in advanced Swedish learner’s written English. In J.M., Sinclair.. How to use corpora in second langue teaching. eds. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Johan Benjamin Publishing Company.
Bolton, K., Nelson G., & Hung, J., 2003. A corpus-based study of connectors in student writing. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 7(12), 165-182.
Biber, D., Johansson S., Leech G., Conoard S., & Finegan, E., 1999. The Longman grammar of spoken and written English. London: Longman.
Blakemore, D., 1987. Semantic constraints on relevance. Oxford: Blackwell.
Crewe, W.J., 1999. The illogic of logical connectives. ELT Journal, 44/4: 316-325.
Chafe, W., 1982. Integration and involvement in speaking and writing, and oral literature. In D. Tannen, ed. Spoken and written language: exploring orality and literacy, (35-55). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
El-Aswad, A., 2002. A study of the L1 and L2 writing processes strategies of Arab learners with special reference to third-year Libyan university students. Thesis (PhD). Newcastle Upon Tyne University, UK.
Ellis, R., 1994. The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Field, Y., & Yip L.M.O., 1992. A comparison of internal conjunctive cohesion in the English essay writing of Cantonese speakers and native speakers of English. RELC Journal, 23/1:15-28.
Fraser, B., 1999. What are discourse markers? Journal of Pragmatics, 31,925-931.
Granger, S., & Tyson S., 1996. Connectors’ usage in the English essay writing of native and non-native EFL speakers of English. World Englishes, 15(1), 17-27.
Halliday, M.A.K., & Hasan R., 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
Hinds, J., 1987. Reader vs. writer responsibility: A New Typology. In Connor, U. & R.B. Kaplan Writing across languages: analysis of L2 texts. Reading.eds. MA: Addison-Wesley, 141-152.
Khuwaileh, A.A., & Shoumali, A.A., 2000. Writing errors: a study of the writing ability of Arab learners of academic English and Arabic at university. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 13(2), 174-183.
Lake, J., 2004. Using on the contrary: the conceptual problems for EAP students. ELT Journal, 58 (2), 137-144.
Martinez, C., 2004. Discourse markers in the expository writing of Spanish university students. IBERICA. 8/63-81. Retrieved from http://www.aelfe.org/documents/05-RA-8-Lahuerta.pdf. [Accessed 29/ January/ 2007]
Mauranen, A., 1992. Cultural differences in academic rhetoric: a linguistic study. Thesis (PhD). University of Birmingham, UK.
Milton, J., & Tsang, E.S.C., 2003. A corpus-based study of logical connectors in EFL students’ writing: directions for future research. In R. Pemberton and E.S C. Tsang. Studies in Lexis. eds. Hong Kong: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Language Centre.
Narita, M., Sato, C., & Sugiuria, M., 2004. Connector usage in the English essay writing of Japanese EFL learners. The proceedings of the fourth international conference on the language resources and evaluation (1171-1174). http://gandalf.aksis.uib.no./non/irec2009/papers.htm. [Accessed 12/May/2009]
Nassaji, H., & Fotos, S., 2011. Teaching grammar in second language classrooms: integrating form focussed instruction in communicative context. London: Routledge.
Norment, N., 1994. Contrastive analysis of cohesive devices in Chinese and Chinese ESL in narrative and expository written texts. Chinese Language Teaching Association Journal, 29 (1), 49-81.
Othman, W., 2004. Subordination and coordination in English and Arabic texts.
AlBasaer, 8.2, 12-33.http://wwwfaculty.ksu.edu.sa/ahmad/Pages/aticl2.aspx.[Accessed, January,2010].
Ong, J. 2011. Investigating the use of cohesive devices by Chinese EFL learners. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, 11(3), 42-65.
Tanko, G., 2004. The use of adverbial connectors in Hungarian university students’ argumentative essays. In J.M., Sinclair. How to use corpora in second langue teaching. ed. Philadelphia, PA: Johan Benjamin Publishing Company.
Ting, F. 2003. An Investigation of Cohesive Errors in the Writing of PRC Tertiary EFL Students (Unpublished Master’s Thesis, National University of Singapore, Singapore).
Witte, S.P., & Faigley, L., 1981. Coherence, cohesion, and writing quality. College Composition and Communication, 32(2), 189-204.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Mohammed O. Ramadan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.