Analysis of High Frequency Effects in the Inductors and Transformers Windings for switching converters applications
Keywords:
High Frequency, Inductors, skin and proximity effects, lossesAbstract
Power electronics switching converters widely utilize high-frequency magnetic components; inductors and transformers. The efficiency and power density of such converters depend on the design technology of the windings to minimize the high-frequency losses. This paper presents analytical investigation of the skin and proximity effects in the windings, it simulates the AC resistance as a function of the layer thickness. More particularly, the theoretical analysis and simulation of copper foil and Litz windings for high frequency applications are reviewed and discussed. Also, the performance is compared on the basis of the AC resistance factor and leakage inductance. The magnetic components is optimally designed with low ac resistance and leakage inductance to yield higher efficiency and high density switching converters.
References
W. G. Hurley, W.H. Wölfle, "Transformers and Inductors for Power Electronics: Theory, Design and Applications", 1st ed., Wiley, 2013.
C. William, T. McLyman, "Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook", 4th ed., Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.
Erickson and Maksimovic, "Fundamentals of Power Electronics", 2nd edition, Springer 2001.
A. M. Elrajoubi and S. S. Ang, "High-Frequency Transformer Review and Design for Low-Power Solid-State Transformer Topology," 2019 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC), College Station, TX, USA, 2019, pp. 1-6.
G. Ortiz, J. Biela and J. W. Kolar, "Optimized design of medium frequency transformers with high isolation requirements," IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Glendale, AZ, 2010, pp. 631-638.
Z. Li, E. Hsieh, Q. Li and F. Lee, "High-Frequency Transformer Design with Medium-Voltage Insulation for Resonant Converter in Solid-State Transformer," in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2023.3279030.
K. D. Hoang, J. Wang, “Design Optimization of High-Frequency Transformer for Dual Active Bridge DC-DC converter,” Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2012 XXth International Conference, pp. 2311-2317, Sept 2012.
O. Aldosari, L. A. Garcia Rodriguez, J. C. Balda and S. K. Mazumder, "Design Trade-Offs for Medium- and High-Frequency Transformers for Isolated Power Converters in Distribution System Applications," 2018 9th IEEE PEDG, Charlotte, NC, USA, 2018, pp. 1-7
R. J. G. Montoya, A. Mallela and J. C. Balda, "An evaluation of selected solid-state transformer topologies for electric distribution systems," 2015 IEEE APEC, Charlotte, NC, 2015, pp. 1022-1029.
R. Garcia, A. Escobar-Mejía, K. George and J. C. Balda, "Loss comparison of selected core magnetic materials operating at medium and high frequencies and different excitation voltages," 2014 IEEE 5th PEDG, Galway, 2014, pp. 1-6.
W. G. Hurley, E. Gath and J. G. Breslin, "Optimizing the AC resistance of multilayer transformer windings with arbitrary current waveforms," in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 369-376, March 2000, doi: 10.1109/63.838110.
Shen Wang, M. A. de Rooij, W. G. Odendaal, J. D. van Wyk and D. Boroyevich, "Reduction of high-frequency conduction losses using a planar Litz structure," in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 261-267, March 2005.
S. Wang, P. H. Pham, Q. Li and X. Chen, "PCB-Based Magnetics Integration and Common-Mode Noise Suppression for A High-Frequency PFC," 2023 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Orlando, FL, USA, 2023, pp. 2043-2049.
A. Khan, D. Waheed, M. B. Siddiqui, M. S. Anwer, S. W. Hussain and I. A. Makda, "Design and Comparative Analysis of Litz and Copper Foil Transformers for High Frequency Applications," 2018 20th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'18 ECCE Europe), Riga, Latvia, 2018, pp. P.1-P.10.
P. Bharadwaj and V. John, "Verification of magnetics design considering high power and high frequency effects," 2017 National Power Electronics Conference (NPEC), Pune, India, 2017, pp. 290-295, doi: 10.1109/NPEC.2017.8310473.
A. Nabih and Q. Li, "Low-Profile and High-Efficiency 3 kW 400 V-48 V LLC Converter with a Matrix of Four Transformers and Inductors for 48V Power Architecture for Data Centers," 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2021, pp. 1813-1819, doi: 10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595881.
M. Nymand, U. K. Madawala, M. A. E. Andersen, B. Carsten and O. S. Seiersen, "Reducing ac-winding losses in high-current high-power inductors," 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, Porto, Portugal, 2009, pp. 777-781, doi: 10.1109/IECON.2009.5415018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Akrem Mohamed Elrajoubi، Ali Mohamed Alshawish
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
