Acceptable Similarity Threshold

Manuscripts are screened using iThenticate. Submissions must have a similarity index of no more than 20% overall, with no more than 5% from any single source (excluding commonly used phrases and standard terminology).

Unacceptable Types of Similarity

• Verbatim Copying: Copying text without quotation marks.
• Improper Paraphrasing: Modifying wording superficially without proper attribution.
• Self-Plagiarism: Reusing one’s previously published work without disclosure.
• Translation Plagiarism: Translating text from another language without citation.

Editorial Actions

Manuscripts with excessive similarity will be returned for revision or rejected outright. In cases of deliberate plagiarism, the Journal reserves the right to block authors and notify their institutions.

Citation Ethics

• Primary Sources: Cite original research rather than derivative reviews whenever possible.
• Accurate Representation: Citations must reflect the source's actual content.
• Avoid Self-Citation: Do not cite your own previous work solely to increase citation counts artificially.

Inappropriate Citations

• Citation Manipulation: Citing to inflate the impact factor of authors/journals artificially.
• Fake Sources: Citing non-existent or predatory journals.
• Irrelevant Citations: Citing sources not directly relevant to the manuscript's content.

Reference Style

Authors must use the Journal’s prescribed citation format: APA 7th edition for humanities and social sciences, and IEEE for engineering and technical studies. All references must be consistently formatted.