Detection of some minerals from natural wastes in modified soil

Fariha A. Alhijjaji

المؤلفون

Fariha A. Alhijjaji Department of biology science, Libyan academy, Misrata, Libya

الكلمات المفتاحية:

Nitrate organic substrates، ammonium، keratin، seaweed wastes

الملخص

Natural wastes such as keratin or seaweed wastes, affect soil’s microbiological and mineral properties. Soils that are exposed to natural waste have higher populations of bacteria and other biological communities, as well as are richer in minerals than those which are not exposed to natural contaminants. In this research, experiments aimed to measuring nitrate, sulphate and ammonium in two types of soil (e.g. amended with keratin and seaweed) and comparing them with an agricultural soil. chemical production of minerals was investigated. The results showed that a Significant differences were observed over the entire period between modified soil and unmodified soil. These results suggest that seaweed and keratinous substrate can be favorable substrates for microorganisms and that these wastes undergoe microbial degradation in the soil leading to the release of organic substrates which are then returned to the ecosystem.

المراجع

Barnard, R. and Leadley, P. W. (2005). Global change, nitrification, and denitrification: A review. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19: 1-13.

Bitton, G. (2005). Wastewater microbiology, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 3rd ed, 78-79.

Emerich, D. W. and Krishnan, H. B, Eds. (2009). Nitrogen Fixation in Crop Production. Agronomy Monograph, 52

Fitter, A.; H. Gilligan, C. A.; Hollingworth, K.; Kleczkowski, A.; Twyman, R. M.; Pitchford, J. W. and The members of the NERC soil biodiversity programme (2005). Biodiversity and ecosystem function in soil. Functional Ecology, 19: 369–377.

Harrison, J. A. (2003).The Nitrogen Cycle: Of Microbes and Men, VisionlearningVol. EAS-2 (4).

Henning, E. P.; Kristie, A.; Dunkin, W. & Mary, K. F. (1999). The relative importance of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification in a conifer forest soil as measured by 15N tracer and pool dilution techniques, Biogeochemistry 44: 135-150.

Hesse, P. R. (1971). A Textbook of Soil Chemical Aanalysis. London:John Murray.

Hofman, G. and Cleemput, V. O. (2004). Soil and Plant Nitrogen, International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), Paris, France, First version, 7-9.

Jorgensen, J. and Cohen,Y. (1977). The sulphur cycle of benthic cyanobacetrial mats. Limnology and Oceanography 22, 657-666.

Paul E.A. and Clark F.E. (1989). Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. Academic Press Limited, United Kingdom. London, p. 157.

Place S., Kilcer T., Ketterings Q., Cherney D., Cherney J., (2007). Sulphur Cycle, Agronomy Fact Sheet Series 34. 1-2..

Smis, J.R. and Jackson, G.D. (1971) Rapid analysis of soil nitrate with chromic acid. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 35, 603–606.

Tapia, D. M. T. and Simoes, M. L. G. (2008). Production and partial characterization of keratinase produced by a microorganism isolated from poultry processing plant wastewater. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 296-300.

TappePpe, W. Laverman, A. , Bohland, M. , Braster, M. , Rittershaus, S. , Groeneweg, J. and Van Verseveld, H. W. (1999). Maintenance energy demand and starvation recovery dynamics of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi cultivated in a retentostat with complete biomass retention, American Society for Microbiology, 65, 2471–2477.

Wainwright, M., and Pugh, G.J.F.(1973).The effect of three fungicides on nitrification and ammonification in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 5, 577-584.

Wainwright, M. (1884). Sulfur oxidation in soils. Advances in Agronomy, 37, 349 -39.